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A species with negative associations to habitat 4 of landscape. Please be aware that a negative association to one habitat will inevitable lead to positive associations to other habitats (Yamada et al. 2006).

Usage

species_a

Format

A spatstat ppp object.

References

Yamada, T., Tomita, A., Itoh, A., Yamakura, T., Ohkubo, T., Kanzaki, M., Tan, S., Ashton, P.S., 2006. Habitat associations of Sterculiaceae trees in a Bornean rain forest plot. Journal of Vegetation Science 17, 559–566.